Chapters
Introduction to the bow
Classical bow strokes
Staccato - 0:01:35 - 0:01:42
Martelé - 0:01:42 - 0:01:48
Spiccato - 0:01:48 - 0:01:52
Sautillé - 0:01:52 - 0:01:58
Up and down bow staccato - 0:01:58 - 0:02:04
Flying spicatto - 0:02:04 - 0:02:08
Fouetté or whipped accents - 0:02:08 - 0:02:17
Bounced and smooth bariolage - 0:02:17 - 0:02:25
Ricochet - 0:02:25 - 0:02:34
Study guides for composers - 0:02:34 - 0:03:00
Parameters of bow usage
Contact point
Gradations
On the bridge - 0:04:29 - 0:04:44
Alto sul ponticello - 0:04:44 - 0:04:49
Sul ponticello - 0:04:49 - 0:04:58
Poco sul ponticello - 0:04:58 - 0:05:09
Ordinario - 0:05:09 - 0:05:15
Poco sul tasto - 0:05:15 - 0:05:22
Sul tasto - 0:05:22 - 0:05:31
Molto sul tasto - 0:05:31 - 0:05:40
Alto sul tasto halfway up the string - 0:05:40 - 0:05:47
Alto sul tasto or ai diti - 0:05:47 - 0:05:53
Verbal cues - 0:05:53 - 0:06:11
Additional bowing locations and special effects
Mark André : Bowing on the side of the instrument - 0:07:07 - 0:07:50
Other options without damaging the instrument - 0:07:50 - 0:07:58
Lachenmann Mouvement Auf Wirbelgrif - 0:07:58 - 0:08:22
Bowing on the tailpiece - 0:08:22 - 0:08:44
Bowing on the side of the fingerboard - 0:08:44 - 0:08:57
Bowing on the chin rest - 0:08:57 - 0:09:10
Messiaen, Des canyons aux étoiles - 0:09:10 - 0:09:25
Kaija Saariaho Vent nocturne - 0:09:25 - 0:09:53
Circular bowing : Garth Knox, Viola Spaces I - 0:09:53 - 0:10:13
Striking bow behind the bridge - 0:10:13 - 0:10:31
Bow behind the fingers : haunting effect (George Crumb) - 0:10:31 - 0:11:30
Viola da gamba position : George Crumb - 0:11:30 - 0:11:53
Notations : use of language or signs (Lachenmann) - 0:11:53 - 0:12:15
Notations : use of language or signs (Lachenmann) - 0:11:53 - 0:12:15
2nd bowing parameter: bow pressure
Ecrasé ordinario piano - 0:13:09 - 0:13:18
Staccato - 0:13:18 - 0:13:30
Ecrasé ponticello fortissimo - 0:13:30 - 0:13:38
Ecrasé ponticello piano - 0:13:38 - 0:13:53
Ecrasé tasto fortissimo - 0:13:53 - 0:14:01
Ecrasé tasto pianissimo - 0:14:01 - 0:14:10
Ecrasé molto sotasto fortissimo - 0:14:10 - 0:14:21
Ecrasé molto sotasto pianissimo - 0:14:21 - 0:14:33
Kaija Saarihao Vent nocturne - 0:14:33 - 0:15:00
Advices light finger pressure - 0:15:05 - 0:15:33
Bow pizzicato
Granular glissandi : Lachenmann, Concertin - 0:16:10 - 0:16:33
Special pitches over-pressure sounds : Praderio, Brecce - 0:16:33 - 0:17:00
Subharmonics : Crumb Black Angels - 0:17:00 - 0:17:34
Flautando - 0:17:34 - 0:18:10
Bowed harmonics - 0:18:10 - 0:19:00
Bow Speed
Flautando or u du u du : Horatiu Radulscu - 0:19:15 - 0:19:50
Held note : Luigi Nono - 0:19:50 - 0:20:24
Indications of composers - 0:20:24 - 0:20:34
Andrew Norman : The Companions Guide to Rome - 0:20:34 - 0:21:25
Berios pieces : heavy presure - 0:21:25 - 0:22:02
Bow angle and direction
Parallel bow - 0:22:58 - 0:23:08
Zuckermann - 0:23:08 - 0:23:22
Slight angle - 0:23:22 - 0:23:35
45 degrees - 0:23:35 - 0:23:46
Extreme angle - 0:23:46 - 0:23:57
Completely vertical bow - 0:23:57 - 0:24:34
Spazzolato - 0:24:34 - 0:25:12
Circular bowing
Slow and large - 0:25:42 - 0:25:55
Slow and small - 0:25:55 - 0:26:09
Medium - 0:26:09 - 0:26:17
Fast - 0:26:17 - 0:26:24
Helicotper effect : Stockhausen - 0:26:24 - 0:26:46
Vertical space and bow bounciness
Battuto style techniques - 0:26:55 - 0:27:16
Garth Knox Viola Spaces n° 8 Up down sideways round - 0:27:16 - 0:27:35
Battuto pizz Bartok - 0:27:35 - 0:27:52
Thrown gettato bows - 0:27:52 - 0:28:17
Infinite ricochet - 0:28:17 - 0:28:54
Col Legno
Col Legno tratto - 0:29:17 - 0:30:12
Col Legno Battuto with muted hand - 0:30:12 - 0:30:59
Quick vertical swipes - 0:30:59 - 0:31:09
Spazzolato col legno - 0:31:09 - 0:31:16
Circular col legno - 0:31:16 - 0:31:27
Bow with the winding of the bow
Frog Pizz
Bow continuum
Toru Takemitsu, And then I knew 'twas wind - 0:33:25 - 0:33:50
Advices for composers
Bow becomes a filter for the sound
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Niccolò PAGANINI, Caprices, 1817.

Bartolomeo CAMPAGNOLI, 41 Caprices, Ed. Peters, 1815.

Helmut LACHENMANN, Reigen seliger Geister, deuxième quatuor à cordes, Ed. Breitkopf & Härtel, 1989.
Mark ANDRE, Az, Ed. Peters, Francfort, 2013.
Helmut LACHENMANN, Mouvement, Ed. Breitkopf & Härtel, 1984.
Olivier MESSIAEN, Des canyons aux étoiles, Ed. Alphonse Leduc, Paris, 1971.
Kaija SAARIAHO, Vent nocturne, Ed. Chester Music, 2006.
Garth KNOX, Viola Spaces I, Ed. Schott, Mayence, 2009.
George CRUMB, Black Angels, Ed. Peters, Francfort, 1970.
Franz SCHUBERT, La Jeune Fille et la Mort, 1824.

Helmut LACHENMANN, Concertini, Ed. Breitkopf & Härtel, 2005.
Carlo Elia PRADERIO, Brecce, inédit, 2020.
Luigi NONO, Fragmente-Stille, an Diotima, Ed. Ricordi, Milan, 1980.
Andrew NORMAN, Companions Guide to Rome, III Susanna, Ed. Schott, 2010.

Luciano BERIO, Naturale, Universal Edition, 1986.
Luciano BERIO, Voci, Universal Edition, 1984.
Karlheinz STOCKHAUSEN, Helikopter-Streichquartett, Stockhausen Verlag, 1993.
Garth KNOX, Up, down, sideways, round in Viola Spaces 8, Ed. Schott, Mayence, 2009.

Jakob BÖTTCHER, Nebenwirkungen, inédit, 2022.
Yann ROBIN, Draft III, Ed. Jobert, 2014.
Tōru TAKUMITSU, And then I knew ‘twas wind, Ed. Schott, Mayence, 1992.